النزاع على الموارد الهيدروكربونية بالمنطقة الاقتصادية الخالصة لقبرص دراسة في الجغرافيا السياسية

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلف

قسم الجغرافيا، کلية الآداب، جامعة المنوفية

المستخلص

   تعد المنطقة الاقتصادية الخالصة إحدى أهم مناطق الولاية البحرية الوطنية للدول الساحلية ، وتمتلك الدولة الساحلية في تلك المنطقة الحقوق السيادية لغرض استكشاف واستغلال وحفظ وإدارة الموارد الطبيعية ، وقد اتخذت مشكلة قبرص بعداً اقتصادياً منذ بداية القرن الواحد والعشرين ، تجلى في النزاع على الموارد الهيدروكربونية بالمنطقة الاقتصادية الخالصة لقبرص ، وينطوى ذلك النزاع على عدة نزاعات فرعية ، أولها النزاع المحلي بين جمهورية قبرص والجمهورية التركية لشمال قبرص ، وثانيها النزاع بين جمهورية قبرص وتركيا على امتداد المنطقة الاقتصادية الخالصة لقبرص وما تحويه من موارد ، وثالثها النزاع الجيوبولتيكي الإقليمي المرتبط بتلك الموارد .
   اعتمد البحث على الأسلوب الوثائقي والأسلوب الكارتوجرافي والبياني ، واستخدم مداخل متعددة كالمدخل التاريخي والمدخل السلوكي ومدخل النظم ، وقد تناول البحث تحليل عوامل تفكك الدولة القبرصية وما نتج عن ذلك التفكك من ازدواجية في تحديد المنطقة الاقتصادية الخالصة لقبرص ، كما حدد البحث مظاهر النزاع على الموارد الهيدروكربونية ، التي تضم النزاع على مناطق الاستكشاف ، وما يرتبط بها من تصادم في أنشطة الاستكشاف ، والنزاع على العوائد المنتظرة لحقول الغاز الطبيعي ، والنزاع على مسارات خطوط أنابيب نقل الغاز الطبيعي ، وتناول البحث حجج أطراف النزاع بشأن حقوقها في استكشاف واستغلال الموارد الطبيعية بالمنطقة الاقتصادية الخالصة لقبرص ، التي تدور حول الحقوق السيادية ، والتوزيع العادل للموارد ، وترتبط بشكل رئيس بالمسألة القبرصية ، ولم يغفل البحث الأبعاد الجيوبولتيكية لذلك النزاع ، الذي تحول إلى بؤرة للتنافس الجيوبولتيكي بين محورين متضادين يستهدفان الهيمنة على منطقة شرق البحر الأبيض المتوسط ، أحدهما تتزعمه تركيا ، والآخر تتزعمه جمهورية قبرص واليونان ، كما تناول البحث الحلول المقترحة لذلك النزاع من قبل أطرافه المباشرة وغير المباشرة.
 Abstract
The exclusive economic zone is the most important zone of the national maritime jurisdiction zones of coastal states; the coastal state has sovereign rights in its EEZ for the purpose of exploration, exploitation, conservation and management of natural resources. The Cyprus problem has taken an economic dimension since the beginning of the twenty-first century, manifested in the dispute over hydrocarbon resources in the exclusive economic zone of Cyprus, This dispute involves several sub-disputes, the first of which is the local dispute between the Greek Cypriots and the Turkish Cypriots, the second is the dispute between the Republic of Cyprus and Turkey over the extension of the exclusive economic zone of Cyprus and the resources it contains, and the third is the regional dispute over control of the resources of the eastern Mediterranean region .
The research relied on the documentary method and the cartographic method, it used multiple Approaches such as the historical approach, the behavioral approach, and the systems approach. The research dealt with the disintegration of the Cypriot state and the resulting duplication in delimiting the exclusive economic zone of Cyprus. It also identified the aspects of the dispute over hydrocarbon resources, which includes the dispute over exploration areas, and the associated collision in exploration activities, the dispute over the expected returns of natural gas fields. And the dispute over the routes of natural gas transportation pipelines, the research analyzed the arguments of the Dispute parties regarding their rights to explore and exploit natural resources in the exclusive economic zone of Cyprus, which revolves around sovereign rights, equitable distribution of resources, and is mainly related to the Cyprus issue. The research did not overlook the geopolitical dimensions of that Dispute, which turned into a focus of geopolitical competition between two opposing axes aiming to dominate the eastern Mediterranean region, one led by Turkey, and the other by the Republic of Cyprus and Greece. The research also dealt with the proposed solutions to that Dispute proposed by its direct and indirect parties.

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية

المراجع

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مجلة کلية الآداب .جامعة بورسعيد
المجلد 23، العدد 23 - الرقم المسلسل للعدد 23
(يناير-الجزء الثاني)
يناير 2023
الصفحة 103-174

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