Questioning the Essence of Literature: A Deconstructive Reading of Ortega Y Gasset’s and Mikel Dufrenne’s Phenomenological Investigations of the Ideal Literary Object

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلف

English Department, Faculty of Arts, Damanhour University

المستخلص

Phenomenology offers a presuppositionless methodology for investigating phenomena which does not determine their nature from a metaphysical, sociological or psychological standpoint but lets them stand on their own. It, therefore, functions as the eidetic science which determines the essences of phenomena and provides the ground on which theories which agree with their nature can be established. Through tracing José Ortega Y Gasset’s and Mikel Dufrenne’s static and genetic phenomenological investigations of literature, this article offers a deconstructive reading of their accounts. Although Jacques Derrida has also worked on a phenomenological investigation of literature, he has not been able to reach similar conclusions. The reason is that his investigation of the ideal literary object has led him to examine the metaphysical presupposition of the presumably presuppositionless method and how it controls Husserlian phenomenology. The present study extends Derrida’s findings to other phenomenological investigations and shows how their metaphysical presupposition determines the results they reach in advance.
يعد تقديم منهج بحثي لتحديد طبيعة الظواهر والوقوف على جوهرها دون افتراضات مسبقة عن تلك الطبيعة الإسهام الرئيس للفينومينولوجيا في مجال العلوم الإنسانية. وتسعى الفينومينولوجيا بهذا لإرساء علم ماهوي ترتكز عليه كل العلوم والنظريات التي تدرس تلك الظواهر. أي أن الفينومينولوجيا علم تاسيسي ولهذا يجب أن يرتكز على طبيعة الظواهر وحسب دون تحديدها سلفا من أي منظور ميتافيزيقي أو اجتماعي أو فلسفي أو نفسي. قدم أورتيجا إي جاست وميكيل ديفرن أبحاثهما الفينومينولوجية الرامية للوقوف على جوهرالأدب دون تحديده سلفا بأي افتراضات نظرية في هذا الإطار. إلا أن التزام كل منهما في مشروعه بطبيعة المنهج البحثي أدى إلى تجاهلهما لطبيعة الظاهرة المدروسة وعدم تحقيق القدر الكافي من الالتزام بوصف الظاهرة دون افتراضات مسبقة. تقدم هذه الدراسة قراءة تفكيكية لأبحاث أورتيجا إي جاست وديفرن الفينومينولوجية. وتسعى من وراء ذلك إلى شرح طبيعة الظاهرة الأدبية وإيضاح الافتراض المسبق الذي يحكم المنهج بشكل غير واع والذي أدى لوصولهما للنتائج التي وصلا إليها.

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية

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